甘肃2020年普通高等学校招生英语听力测试大纲(2)
听力语言材料的内容主要涉及日常生活、文化教育、风土人情、时事和科普常识等方面。常见的日常生活的话题有：问候、邀请、看病、约会、聚餐、购物、通知、问路、打电话、谈论天气、询问时间、自然灾害、新闻报道等等内容。听力语言材料的长度适宜，既有足够的信息量供试题设计问题，又不会给考生增加记忆负担，最长的一段语言材料只有150个词左右（近两年的试题情况），最短的对话也创设了一个较明确的语境。
五、命题程序及方法
命题既是一种学术水平的体现，也是一门技术。为了使试题既符合教学大纲对学习内容的目标要求，又能体现考试评价改革的新理念，命题一般要经过以下步骤：
1．学习教学大纲（包括教材）及《标准》中有关听力要求的内容，研读《2017年甘肃省普通高等学校招生外语听力测试大纲》中的有关规定。
2．制定“双向细目表”。
3．选择拟出题的各个分项。在“双向细目表”中，利用打“√”等方式选择在哪些知识点上命题。所命试题的题型、难度、分值应符合《2017年甘肃省普通高等学校招生外语听力测试大纲》中的“一、二、三”尤其是“三、考试方式与试卷结构”的要求。
4．利用前三步拟定好的双向细目表开始命题。
5．讨论修改。当试题命制完毕后，每个命题人应根据“双向细目表”认真阅读自己命制的试题，并做适当的调整或修改。
6．拼卷。当试题修改后，经过集体讨论就可以拼卷了，讨论时应该说明所命试题的出处等。拼卷时，要注意由易到难排列。拼好试卷后，再认真考虑整卷的难度、各考查内容的比例、赋分等。最后，根据整卷分析情况进行个别试题的调整、修改或重新命制。
7．审题。当试卷拼好并进行调整后，即可审题，审题时，既要审查每道试题的科学性，还要考虑效度、信度、难度，以及整卷的内容比例、难度比例等。
8．根据审题意见进行修改。
在命题过程中要避免试题中出现不规范性和随意性，要特别注意其中的第3至第5步骤。
六、题型示例
一、考查简短对话
W：You are thinner than you used to be, aren’t you?
M：I am sure! I’ve lost 25 pounds and I feel great. I’m down to 165 pounds now.
1． How much did the woman weigh before she began to lose weight?
A. 165 pounds.
B. 190 pounds.
C. 140 pounds.
二、考查长对话
M：I’m going to the cinema tonight. Would you like to go, Rebecca?
W：What’s on?
M：It’s a Western movie: A Cowboy Comes Home. I read the book about it. It’s really interesting.
W：But there’s Western on TV tonight. Why bother to turn out and pay for a cinema seat.
M：Do you think that’ll be the same movie? What’s more, movies on TV are nearly always old and they were probably made ten years ago. But A Cowboy Comes Home is a new one. And in the cinema there’s a wide screen and the color is better. And a movie can make everything more exciting and vivid.
W：You’re right. But you cannot choose your program, and it’s a waste of money to walk out on the middle if you’re bored. Here at home it’s so easy to turn off the TV, not that I do turn it off very often though.
M：Ah, I now know. That’s just it. You’re drugged by it: you’ve given up your old interests.
2．What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Watching TV or going to the movies.
B. Reading a book or watching TV at home.
C. Staying at home or eating out in the evening.
3. Why does the woman say going to the movies can be a waste of money?
A. You have to pay for the ticket which is much too expensive.
B. You have no choice as to what movie you’d like to see.
C. You may leave the cinema when you do not like the movie.
W：Hilton Hotel.
M：Please give me the desk.
W：Reservations. Can I help you?
M：I’m a teacher of the University of New York, I’m coming to attend an annual conference on American Literature in Hong Kong next month. Could I make a reservation in your hotel?
W：Sure you can. It’s our pleasure to do whatever we can to serve our guests. May I ask how many of you would be traveling together and when you’ll be arriving here?
M：Two of us will arrive on Sep.11th.
W：That would be fine. Uhm, what sort of room do you like to reserve?
M：I would like to book two single rooms with private baths.
W：How long do you plan to stay here?
M：Probably from Sep.11th to 17 th .
W：OK. We can arrange that.
M：By the way, Could you let me know how much you charge?
W：The charge for a single room with bath is 50 dollars a day. On top of that there is a 12 percent service charge. This does not, of course, include lunch or dinner.
M: OK.
W: Then I’ll send you a written confirmation that the reservation has been made. Your name, please?
M: Robert Smith.
W: Your telephone number?
M: 121-3452.
W: 121-3452. Am I right?
M: Yeah.
W: We’ll be happy to look after you during your stay here.
M: Thank you very much.
4. Where is the man from?
A. America.
B. Hong Kong.
C. Europe.
5. When will the man leave the hotel?
A. On Sep.11th.
B. On Sep. 17th.
C. On Sep. 16th.
6. What can you learn from the conversation?
A. The man will have free breakfast or dinner at hotel.
B. The man will stay at hotel for 5 days.
C. The total charge for a single room with bath is 50 dollars a day, including 12 percent service charge.
